![]() ![]() It differs from gully erosion in that the area can be crossed by farm equipment. Ephemeral erosion occurs in natural depressions.Gully erosion makes gullies, some of them huge, impossible to cross with farm machinery.Rill erosion occurs during heavy rains, when small rills form over an entire hillside, making farming difficult.Although it is a problem, water erosion is generally much more severe. Lighter colored soils are a sign that over the years erosion has taken its toll. Sheet erosion (water) is almost invisible.In other situations, erosion control can be achieved by implementing a single practice, where the erosion is minimum, such as the establishment of grassed waterways. Some situations may require both management and structural changes, where the topography is highly complex. All these practices are not mutually exclusive. Structural practices involve physical changes in the shape and topography of the land. Agronomic, cultural, or structural practices are available for controlling soil erosion. Improving the soil infiltration rate, resulting in less surface runoff, can lead to reduction of soil erosion. Thus, soil conservation practices are important in reducing soil erosion. The amount and rate of surface runoff can affect erosion and sediment transport. The hydrologic processes of rainfall and runoff play an essential role in water erosion. ![]() Therefore, soil erosion is a physical process requiring energy, and its control requires certain measures to dissipate this energy. Soil erosion can occur in two stages: 1) detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact, splash, or flowing water and 2) transport of detached particles by splash or flowing water. Soil erosion by water occurs when bare-sloped soil surface is exposed to rainfall, and the rainfall intensity exceeds the rate of soil intake, or infiltration rate, leading to soil-surface runoff. Water erosion is the most pertinent erosion problem in Iowa. Thus, minimizing the impact of water or wind forces is the main objective for erosion control. Soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil particles from the point of origination through the action of water or wind. Several conservation practices can be used to control erosion but first you need to understand the factors affecting soil erosion. Therefore, the most effective way to minimize sediment production is the stabilization of the sediment source by controlling erosion. Sediment production and soil erosion are closely related. The impact of soil erosion on water quality becomes significant, particularly as soil surface runoff. Sediment is a product of land erosion and derives largely from sheet and rill erosion from upland areas, and to a lesser degree, from cyclic erosion activity in gullies and drainageways. Eroded topsoil can be transported by wind or water into streams and other waterways. Controlling the sediment must be an integral part of any soil management system to improve water and soil quality. Many agricultural civilizations have declined due to land and natural resource mismanagement, and the history of such civilizations is a good reminder to protect our natural resources.Įrosion is a serious problem for productive agricultural land and for water quality concerns. The problem may become so severe that the land can no longer be cultivated and must be abandoned. Soil deterioration and low water quality due to erosion and surface runoff have become severe problems worldwide. Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate. ![]()
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